Artesian is a small town located on Highway 34 in east central South Dakota. It is 5 miles east of the Highway 34-Highway 37 junction, 20 miles north of Interstate 90, and 90 miles northwest of Sioux Falls. The population is approximately 150.

The town got its name from the abundance of flowing wells, known as artesian wells, in this part of South Dakota. It was founded in 1883. 

Artesian is located in the heart of pheasant hunting heaven in Sanborn County.